With a necessity of longer training period to significantly improve their musical perception, cochlear implant only users had better effect compared to bi-modal users with both cochlear implant and hearing aids. Interestingly, subgroup analysis showed that the training effect was greater in children than in adults. Although the funnel plot yielded an asymmetrical graph, the Egger's regression showed no significant publication bias. The meta-analysis showed standardized mean difference as a measure of the effect size, in musical improvement between the preand post-training. A total of 186 participants from 10 studies investigating the music training effects on individuals fitted with hearing assistive devices and outcome measurements were included. Article search was conducted from five databases, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, and PubMed. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of music training on the improvement of musical perception among hearing-impaired listeners using a systematic review and meta-analysis. II (Individual cohort study) Laryngoscope, 2022.
Implementation of front-end vocal boost manipulations in music may improve sound quality and music appreciation among CI users. Musically trained CI users to report greater musical sound quality enhancement with a vocal boost with respect to CI users with no musical training background. When comparing the non-musical training group and musical training group, there was a significant difference in musical sound quality rating scores for the vocal boost condition (21.2 95% CI: 1.76-40.7, p = 0.028).ĬI-mediated musical sound quality appraisals are impacted by vocal boost and attenuation. Vocal boost increased musical sound quality ratings relative to the reference clip (11.7 95% CI, 1.62-21.8, p = 0.016) and vocal attenuation decreased musical sound quality ratings relative to the reference clip (28.5 95% CI, 18.64-38.44, p < 0.001).
Subjects listened to all four versions and provided ratings based on a 100-point scale that reflected the perceived sound quality difference of the music clip relative to the reference excerpt. Four versions of real-world musical stimuli were created: a version with +9 dB vocal boost, a version with -9 dB vocal attenuation, a composite stimulus containing a 1,000 Hz low-pass filter and white noise ("anchor"), and an unaltered version ("hidden reference"). Participants listened to auditory tokens and assessed the musical quality of acoustic stimuli with vocal boosting and attenuation using a validated sound quality rating scale. To evaluate the impact of vocal boost manipulations on cochlear implant (CI) musical sound quality appraisals.Īn anonymous, online study was distributed to 33 CI users. Increased gain below 2 kHz may lead to higher sound quality than for equivalent reductions, perhaps because it offers greater access to lyrics in songs or because it provides more salient beat sensations. These findings suggest that, even among CI users, past musical training provides listeners with subtleties in musical appraisal, even though their hearing is now mediated electrically and bears little resemblance to their musical experience prior to implantation. Participants with musical training were more sensitive to FRM than non-musically trained participants and demonstrated preference for gain increases over reductions. In contrast, manipulating the gain for high frequencies (those above 2 kHz) had no impact. Specifically, increasing the gain for low and mid-range frequencies led to higher quality ratings than reducing them. FRM affected sound quality ratings (SQR). Participants assessed sound quality using the MUltiple Stimulus with Hidden Reference and Anchor for CI users (CI-MUSHRA) rating scale.
Thirty-three adult CI users completed an online study and listened to FRM-altered clips derived from the top songs in Billboard magazine. In the present study, we utilize frequency response manipulation (FRM), a process that adjusts the energies of frequency bands within an audio signal, to determine its impact on CI-user sound quality assessments of musical stimuli. To improve CI-mediated music perception and enjoyment, we must understand factors that affect sound quality. Cochlear implant (CI) users commonly report degraded musical sound quality.
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